Water Treatment "Part 11": Riverside Groundwater.

Riverside groundwater is water that has been taken straight from a region near to surface water, most commonly a river (between 200 and 1000 meters away from the river). This water is a blend of naturally anaerobic groundwater (devoid of free oxygen) and aerobic surface water that has been soil-filtered across the river bank, all unwanted bacteria are eliminated when the water moves through the soil, resulting in a healthy microbiome in it. This water can contain different concentrations of iron, ammonium, manganese, and methane, depending on the composition of the soil.

Riverside groundwater treatment is not much different from anaerobic groundwater treatment. However, an additional dry filtration stage is provided because excessive ammonia levels can cause the concentration of oxygen to drop. The following figure shows the riverside groundwater treatment system:

[Made using Microsoft Paint]

The degradation of organic matter, which completes its journey in the filtration stage, may cause microorganisms to flourish in activated carbon filters. UV rays are frequently employed in the sterilizing process because they destroy germs without adding chemicals that can have negative side effects, like chlorine.

Activated carbon filtration:

One adsorption-based method of treatment is activated carbon filtration. This process depends on the surface strength and van der Waals force, which makes the material stick to the surface. When water travels through the filter bottom that includes activated carbon granules, small contaminants like herbicides and pesticides are absorbed. This process depends on the strength of the surface and the strength of van der Waals.

Reheating can regenerate polluted carbon, which burns or volatilizes the pollutants. In return, about ten percent of the carbon is lost during this process.

References:

• Taparhudee, Wara (2002). "Applications of Paddle Wheel Aerators and Diffused-Air System in Closed Cycle Shrimp Farm System" (PDF). Witthayasan Kasetsart (Sakha Witthayasat). 36: 408–419. Retrieved 26 April 2020.
• Unsafe water kills more people than war, Ban says on World Day". UN News. 22 March 2010. Retrieved 10 May 2018
• Raymond Desjardins- Livre: Le traitement des eaux- 2éme edition- Ecole Polytechnique de Montréal- 1997- ISBN 2-553-00643-8
• Drinking Water Treatment- EDX- Delft University of Technology.
• Book- Drinking Water: Principles and Practices- by Hans J C Van Dijk (Author), Jasper Q J C Verberk (Author), Peter J De Moel.